This chapter presents and illustrates the functioning of electrical machines. First of all, based on some examples, the basic principles of electromagnetic conversion will be illustrated.

Magnetic circuits - electromagnet

The first example deals with the modeling of an electromagnet. Using this opportunity, the notions of magnetic circuit and Hopkinson's laws will be introduced.

The modelling of a speaker

The second example deals with the modelling of a speaker.

Oscillatory reluctant motor

The latest example suggests the case of an oscillatory reluctant motor used for an electrical razor. This last application illustrates the importance of energy (co-energy for determining the couple) concepts, Laplace's laws () could not be applied on this type of motor.